LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 






UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 




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HISTORICAL TABLES. 



A 

CONDEDSED py TO UN!VEI(S/Ib 
HISTOl^y- 

COMPILED FOR THE USE IN 

COMMON, GRAMMAR ANP HIGH SCHOOUS, 



BY 

ROBERT HAENTZE, 

rmxai'AL ok the g.-a. academy of CHiCAtio, author of '"tiie 

THEORY AND rUACTICE OF BOOK-KEEPING," AND "THE 
tOMlLETE KEY TO UNIVERSAL HISTORY."* 



-PUBLISHED BY- 




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CONTEND: 



Preface 

(Jhroiiology of ASIA Page 1-2 

" " AFKICA " 2 

" '• EUROPE 

" I. Greece " 4 

" 1 r. Italy "■ 5 - 5 

'' •• III. Turkey. Spain. Portugal " 7 

•• IV. France " 8-0 

•■ V, rjernijuiy. Austria. Hungary and 

Prussia '' 10 

•• VI. Knssia. Sweden. Norway. Etc '' 11 

•• •• VII. Great Britain " 12-1:! 

•' AMI]III<;A •• 14-17 

'• OGEAXICA -. " IS 

PRESIDENTS OF THE INirEI) STATES '• 1!) 

GELEBIfATEI) (JIIA11A( ;TERS " 20-21 

IiMPORTAXT DATES '• 21-27 

I NIVERSITIES— WHEN FOl'NDED '• 28 

IMPORTANT INVENTIONS " 2!)-;!0 



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Kntereil lice >rlii J t.) Vet of Con'^rcss, in tlip yoar 1S8S, 

liy tlu! WKSTKU'N S(;H.» )£, STI'PI.V t'OMI'ANV. 

In the olHco of tlic l^iDrariiUi of C j.i^TOsrf, at Wasliinjjloii. D. C. 



HISTORICAL TABLES, 



COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF DATES, CHKONO- 
LOGICALLY ARRANGED. 



COMPILED BY >^ 

PROFESSOR ROBERT HAENTZE, 

DIRECTOR OF THE GERMAN-AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHICAGO 

SINCE 1876. 



^Ifi^l^-- 




CHICAGO: 
WESTERN SCHOOL SUPPLY CO. 

1888. 



PREFACE. 

To My Fellow - Teachers : — lu offering you this condensed 
" Key of Universal Histor}^ " or " Historical Tables " as an efficient 
Aid to the instruction in this study, I do not claim altogether 
Originality or Completeness in the meaning of the word, but simply 
as the definite result of the work done in my History class, and 
more especially as a need long and deeply felt by the teachei-s of 
our Common Schools who are aiming not only for temporary 
results, but also to incite a love for this one of the most interesting 
studies. It is very desirable that every person should, at an early 
period of life, have imprinted on his mind, in bright and imfading 
colors, a clear outline of the story of mankind, from its beginning 
to the present time. To claim that in the compass of such little 
volume a tolerable outline of Universal History could be embraced, 
or even that every date of minor events, together with all the 
names of such men could be contained, who, bj^ their special 
character or ambition have made themselves noteworthy, would 
undoubtedly and justly excite the ridicule of any teacher. 

This little volume is not intended to be a Hand-book for College 
Students or Professors, for such a work would necessarilv be too 
voluminous, and bring its object beyond the utmost stretch of the 
youthful intellect to compass it, but as a Hand-book for young 
students in the Grammar - and High - School Grade it has done 
excellent services and as such I hope it will be recognized. 

It will be of especial use in Schools where there are libraries 
accessable to students, and with the commendations of wise teachers 
it becomes a stimulus for further research, and it will make all 
subsequent reading and reflection on the subject of history both 
useful and interesting. 



THE COMPILER. 



Chicago, August, 1888. 



\ HE LIBRARY 

;> JONORESS 

^VASHTNGTOK 



ASIA. 



Chronology of Asia. 



Before Christ. 

4004 Creation of the World. 

2348 Deluge. 

2247 Confusion of tongues. 

2229 Ashur founds the Empire of 
Assyria. 

2207 The Chinese monarchy found- 
ed, 

2000 Ninias, king of Assyria, began 
to reign. 

1996 Abraham born. 

1921 Abraham sets out fi-om Chal- 
dea to go to Canaan. 

1705 Jacob removes with his family 
to Egj'pt. 

1689 Death of Jacob. 

1635 Death of Joseph. 

1570 Moses born. 

1491 Departure of the Israelites 
from Egj'pt. 

1447 Death of Moses. 

1426 Death of Joshua. 

1100 SaiU proclaimed king of Israel. 

1085 King David born. 

1015 Solomon began to reign. 

1004 Temple of Solomon built. 

1000 Chaus, emperor of China, be- 
gan to reign. 
876 Death of Sardanapalus — First 
Assyrian emjiire overthi'own 
806 Jonah, the prophet, sent to 
preach to the Ninevites. 



Before Christ. 

797 Ardysus, first king of Lydia, 
in Asia Minor. 

722 The Chinese empire divided 
into principalities. 

721 Salmanaser conquered the 
kingdom of Israel, and car- 
ried the chief inhabitants 
into captivity. 

630 Isdigertes made king of Persia. 

606 Second Assyrian empire over- 
thrown. 

548 Lydia conquered by Cyrus, 
king of Persia. 

538 Babylon captured by Cyrus. 

536 Jews return from Babylon. 

536 Persian empire established by 
Cyrus the Great. 

529 Death of Cyrus. — Cambyses 
succeeds his father, Cyrus. 

522 Darius began to reign. 

480 Xerxes defeats Leonidas at 
Thermopylae. 

465 Death of Xerxes. 

330 Alexandria invades Persia. 

327 Invasion of India by Alexan- 
der. 

312 Kingdom of Syria founded by 
Seleucus. 

309 Pontus becomes independent 
under Mithridates II. 

250 Empire of Parthia foiuided. 



HISTORICAL TABLES. 



B. C. 

230 Artaxares made king of Persia 
170 Paper invented in China — An- 
tiochus takes Jerusalem, and 
plunders the Temple. — An 
irruption of the Tartars in- 
to China. 
166 Judas MaccabaBus drives the 
Syrians out of the Jewish 
kingdom. 
150 Demetrius, king of Syria, 

killed by Balas. 
67 Chang, Emperor of China. 
64 Pontus, with other parts of 
Asia Minor, conquered by 
the Komau?. 
61 Syria and Canaan conquered 

by the Romans. 
37 Herod, king of the Jews. 
33 Vati, emperor of China. 

A. D. 

A. D. Jesus Christ born. 
33 Christ crucified. 
61 Paul arrives at Rome. 
70 Destruction of Jerusalem by 

Titus. 
93 The empire of the Huns in 
Tartary destroyed by the 
Chinese. 
130 Adrian rebuilds Jerusalem 
and erects a temple to Ju- 
piter. 
373 The Bible translated into the 

Gothic tongue. 
458 The Chinese said to have sailed 

to the north of California. 
558 A terrible plague over Europe, 
Asia, and Africa, which 
continued nearly 50 years. 
570 Birth of Mahomet. 
617 Si-given, emperor of China, 
began to i-eign. 



A. D. 

622 Mahomet obliged to flv fi'om 

his enemies. 
632 Death of Mahomet. 
636 The Clu'istian religion intro- 
duced into China. 
638 Saracen empire established. 
660. Chosroes the Great, king of 

Persia, began to reign. 
672 Bagda d, the seat of the caliphs, 

founded. 
1037 Chwang-tsong, emperor o^ 

China, began to reign. 
1209 Genghis Khan invades Cliina. 
1258 Saracen empire overturned by 

the Turks. 
1400 Japan discovered by Europeans 
1589 Shah Abbas ascended the 

throne of Persia. 
1694 Shah Husseyn ascended the 

throne, of Persia. 
1730 Kouli Khan made king of 

Persia. 
1737 Yong-tching came to the 

throne of China. 
1820 Taou-kwang ascended the 

throne of China. 
1840 War between China and Great 

Britain. 
1842 Peace between China and 

Great Britain. 
1844 Treaty between China and the 

United States. 

1852 Insurrection in China. 

1853 Commodore Perry visits Ja- 

pan. 
1858 War between China and Great 

Britain. 
1860 A Japanese Embassy visits the 

United States. 
1865 The province of "Turkestan," 

in Central Asia, created. 



HISTORICAL TABLE 



AFRICA. 



Cronology of Africa. 



Before Christ. 

2188 Egypt settled by Misraim. 
1678 JSTitocris queen of Egypt. 
1491 Departure of the Israelites 

fi'oui Egj'pt. 
525 Cambyses couquers Egypt. 
520 " destroys Thebes. 

332 Alexander conquers Egypt, 
takes Tyre, and builds Al- 
exandria. 



A- D. 

30 Death of Cleopatra. 
146 Carthage destroyed by T. 
Scipio. 

237 Hamilcar leads a Carthaginian 

army into Spain, with his 
son Hannibal. 

238 The Carthaginians finish the 

Lyberian war. 
267 Ptolemy made a canal from 

the Nile to the Red Sea. 
300 Euclid of Alexandria, the 

mathematician. 
320 Ptolemy carried 100,000 Jews 

captives into Egypt. 
341 The gospel propogated in 

Ethiopia by Frumentius. 
670 Egypt conquered by the Sar- 
acens. 
944 Algiers built. 

1250 Mamelukes came into power. 
1482 The Portuguese begin to traffic 

in slaves. 
1517 Egypt conquered by the Turks. 



A. D. 

1548 A government founded at Al- 
giers, called the regency of 
Algiers. 

1563 The Enghsh begin to traffic in 
slaves. 

1574 Tunis seized by the Turks. 

1798 Napoleon invades Egypt. 

1801 Sir Rdph Abercronibie drives 
the French out of Egypt. 

1803 Tripoli attacked by Commo- 
dore Preble. 

1806 The English take Cape Towu 
fi'om the Dutch. 

1815 Commodore Decatur attacks 

Algiers. 

1816 Lord Exmouth batters Algiers. 
1821 Liberia founded. 

1827 CaiUie, a Frenchman, goes to 
Timbuctoo. 

1833 Algiers taken by Marshal Beau- 
mont. 

1867 War between England and 
Abyssinia, which is ended 
next year. 

1869 Suez canal opened. 

1870 Diamonds discovered in Africa 
1875 England purchases the Khe- 
dive's share in the Suez 
canal. 

1878 Great financial crisis in Egypt, 

and complete revolution. 

1879 Prince Louis Napoleon kiUed 

in the Zulu War in South 
Afi'ica. 
1881 The Egyptian war ended. 



HISTORICAL TABLKS. 



EUROPE 



GREECE. 



Chronology of Greece. 



B.C. 

1S5G 
155G 
]520 
151G 
1500 
1493 



1490 

1485 



1453 

1263 
1257 
1193 

900 
884 
643 
617 

580 
490 
446 
429 
403 

371 
363 
338 



Greece founded by Iiicachus. 

Athens founded bv Cecvops. 

Corinth founded. 

Sparta founded by Lelex. 

Thebes founded by Cadmus. 

Cadmus carried the Phcpni- 
cian letters into Greece, and 
built the citadel of Thebes. 

Sparta built by Lacedajmou. 

The first ship that appeared in 
Greece, brought fi'om Egypt 
by Dauaus, surnamed Xv- 
niais. 

The tirst Olympic games cele- 
brated at Elis. 

Argonautic expedition. 

Twelve states of Greece unite. 

Siege of Troy. 

Homer born. 

liVcurgus gives laws to Sparta. 

Solon lawgiver of Athens. 

Bias, the philosopher flour- 
ished. 

Pythagoras born. 

Battle of Marathon. 

Peloponnesian war begins. 

Death of Pericles. 

Former government restored 
in Athens. 

Battle of Leuctra. 

Death of Epamimondas. 

Battle of Cheronea. 



B. c. 

336 Death of Philip, king of Mace- 
don. 
325 Demosthenes the orator, ban- 
ished fi'om Athens. 
323 Death of Alexander, at the 
age of 32. — Demosthenes 
recalled from exile, and 
dies the following year. 
322 Greece subjected by Cassau- 
der. — Theophrastus, the per- 
ipatetic philosopher. — Aris- 
totle died. 
315 Restoration of Thebes by Cas- 

sander. 
312 Division of Alexander's king- 
dom. 
278 Greece invaded by the Gauls. 
244 Death of Agis, king of Sparta. 
146 Greece becomes a Roman prov- 
ince. 
146 Corinth destroyed by L. Mum- 
mius, who brought to Rome 
from thence the first fine 
paintings. 
A. D. 

1453 The Turks conquer the East- 
ern empire. 
1821 Greece rises against the Turks 
1824 Death of Lord Byron at Mis- 

solonghi. 
1827 Battle of Xavarino. 
1829 Accession of Otho to the thi'one 
of Greece. 



HISTORICAL TABLES. 



X, 



ITALY. 



Cronology of Italy. 
A 



B. C. 

1284 The Siculi pass out of Italy in- 
to Sicily, about three gener- 
ations before the Trojan 
war. 
1243 A colony of Arcadians con- 
ducted by Evander into 
Italy. 
1182 The Kingdom of the Latins be- 
gins, under ^-Eneas,who build 
Lavinium. 
1152 The city of Alba-Longa built 
by Ascanius, second king of 
the Latins. 

752 Building of Rome by Romulus 

750 Sabine women dishonored by 
the Romans. 

735 The first Grecian settlement in 
Sicily. 

715 Numa Pompilius made king. 

672 Tullus Hostilius made king. 

667 The combat between the three 
Horatii and the thi-ee Cu- 
riatii. 

618 Ancus Martins, fourth Roman 
king. 

580 Money first coined in Rome. 

584 Servius Tullius, sixth Roman 
king. 

509 Death of Tarquin the Proud, 
and his family expelled. 

506 Porseua, king of the Etrurians, 
made war against the Rom- 
ans. 

490 Tribunes chosen. 



B. c. 

488 Coriolanus,by the entreaty of 
his mother, withdraws the 
army of the Volsci from 
Rome. 

485 Cassius punished for usurping 
the sovei-eignty. The Volsci 
and ^^qui subdued. 

451 Decemviri chosen. 

449 The decemvirs banished from 
Rome, 

437 Censors established. 

385 Rome taken by the Gauls. 

361 Theatres established. 

343 War with the Samnites. 

312 Sun-dial introduced. 

311 Aqueducts built. 

270 All Italy submits to Rome. 

264 First Punic war begins. 

218 Second Punic war begins — 
with Hannibars passing 
the Alps, and continues 17 
years. 

196 Caius Laelius, the Roman ora- 
tor. 

194 Sparta and Hither Spain sub- 
dued by the Romans. 

192 The war of Antiochus, the 
Great, with the Romans be- 
gins. 
190 Scipio defeats Autiochus in the 
battle of Magnesia. 

146 Carthage destroyed. 

137 Third Punic war begins. 

134 Spain becomes a province ot 
Rome. 



HISTORICAL TABLKS. 



B. C. 

187 Scipio Africanus banished 

from Rome. 
91 Social war begins. 
88 War between Marius and Sylla 
65 Pompey defeats Mithridates. 
59 Triumvirate formed. 
55 Ca?sar invades Britian. 
48 Battle of Pharsalia, and death 

of Pompey. 
44 Death of Caesar. 
25 Gaul conquered by the Romans 

A. D, 
14 Death of Aiigustiis Cfesar. 
37 Tiberius died. 
41 Caligula died. 
54 Claudius ascends the throne — 

Nero died. 
69 Vitellius ascends the throne. 
79 Titus ascends the throne. 
154 Hygenus, first Bishop of Rome 

who toolc the title of pope. 
30G Constantine began to reign. 
311 Christianity adopted by the 

emperor ef Rome. 
329 Constantine removes the seat 
of empire to Constantinople. 
395 Rome divided into the Eastern 
and Western empires by 
Theodoslus. 
410 Rome taken by Alaric. 
445 Italy invaded by Attila. 
476 Rome taken by Odoacer. 
537 Gotlis driven from Rome by 

Belisarius. 
607 The pope's supremacy over 
the Christian church estab- 
lished. 
70S Custom of kissing the pope's 
toe introduced. 



A. D 

731 Gregory III., founder of the 
pope's temporal power, be- 
came pope. 
755 The pope's temporal power 

established. 
809 Venice built. 

1054 liCO IX., the firstpope that 
kept an army. 

1077 Henry IV. obliged to stand 
three days at the pope's gate. 

1079 Pope's authority introduced 
into England. 

1191 The pope kick's off Henry 
IV.'s crown. 

1307 Residence of the pope removed 
to Avignon in France, where 
it remained seventy years. 

1516 Reformation commenced by 
Martin Luther. 

1527 Rome sacked, and Pope Clem- 
ent imprisoned. 

1531 Pope's residence removed a 
second time to Avignon. 

1773 Kissing the pope's toe abolish- 
ed. 

1787 Political influence of the pope 
ceased in Europe. 

1798 Venice attached to Austria. 

1805 Napoleon crowned king of Italy 
May 26. 

1831 Mazzini forms the "Young 
Italy Party." Insurrection in 
-—Ceh^ral Italy. 

1847 Pius IX. pope of Rome. 

1849 He flees to Gaeta. 

1860 Sicilian revolution, under Gar- 
ibaldi. 

1870 Rome captured by the Italian 
army, annexed to Italy, and 
made the Capitol. 



HISTORICAL TABLES. 



TURKEY, SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. 



B. 0. 

900 The Phoeuicians trade to 
Spain. 

500 The Carthaginians make con- 
quests in Spain. 

219 Hannibal attacks Saguntum in 
Spain. 

206 Spain subjected to Roman 
power. 

A. D. 

406 Spain invaded by northern bar- 
barians. 

419 Kingdom of the Vlsigotiis 
founded in Spain. 

712 Roderick, king of Spain, de- 

feated by the Moors. 

713 The Moors defeated by Charles 

Martel, king of France— Por- 
tugal subjected by the 
Moors. 

1139 Kingdom of Portugal founded. 

125S The Tartars take Bagdad. 

1268 Othman first emperor of Tur- 
key. 

1299 Ottoman empire founded. 

1389 Sultan Bajazet begins to reign. 

1402 Bajazet taken by Tamerlane. 

1453 The Turks take Constantino- 
ple. 

1478 Inquisition established in Spain 

1481 The Portuguese discover the 
Cape of Good Hoi^e. 

1492 The Moors of Granada 
driven out of Spain. 

1492 America discovered by 
Columbus. 

1501 The Portuguese discover 
Brazil. 

1513 Sultan Selim began to reign. 

1580 Philip II. ascended the thi'one 
of Spain. 

159G Mahomet III, ascends the 
Turkish throne. 



A. D. 

1604 



1620 

1621 

1755 

1783 

1808 

1815 

1820 

1826 

1833 
1853 
1855 
1860 

1866 

1868 

1870 



1871 
1873 



IS74 



Portugal becomes indepen- 
dent of Spain. 

The Moors finally expelled 
fi'om Spain. 

Amurath IV. emperor of Tur- 
key. 

Lisbon destr'oyed by an earth- 
quake. 

Peace between Spain and Eng- 
land. 

Napoleon removes Ferdinand 
from the throne of Spain. 

Inquisition abolished in Por- 
tugal. 

Revolution in Portugal — In- 
quisition abolished in Spain. 

Massacre of the janizaries in 
'J'lU'key. 

Death of Ferdinand VII. 

Eastern war began. 

Capture of Sebastopol. 

Turkish massacre of Chris- 
tians in Syria. 

Insurrection iu Spain. 

Revolution in Spain successful, 
and the queen takes refuge 
in France. — Provincial gov- 
ernment organized. 

The duke of Aosta elected king 
of Spain. — Marshal Prim 
assassinated, Dec. 29. 

Amedeo I. , king of Spain. 

Abdication of king Amadeus 
of Spain. — Republican form 
of government adopted by 
the Cortes. 

Spain declared in a state of 
siege.-Prince Alphonso pro- 
claimed king of Spain. 



10 



HISTORICAL TABLE 



FRANCE. 



Chronology of France. 



B. C. 

2000 The Giel, Gael, Gauls or Celts 
began to migrate into 
Europe from Asia. 

397 General migration of the Gauls 
to different parts of Europe. 

390 Italy ravaged by the Gauls, 
and Rome taken. 

280 to 278 The Gauls make de- 
structive incursions into 
Macedon and Gi-eece. 

200 A colony of Belgje settle in 
Gaul. 

128 to 122 The southern part of 
Gaul along the Mediterra- 
nean conquered by the 
Romans. 
58 France invaded by Julius 

Csesar. 
25 All France finally conquered 
by the Romans. 

A. D. 

400 France invaded by the Goths 
and other Germanic tribes. 

418 Pharamond, a Frank, becomes 
first king of France. 

428 Pharamond died. 

448 Clodian died. 

458 Merovius. head of the Merov- 
ingian race, died. 

481 Childeric died. 

486 Monarchy of France establish- 
ed. 

496 Clovis baptised. 

511 Clovis died. 

751 Pepin the Short, first of the 
Oarlovingian race. 



A. D. 

772 Charlemagne began to reign. 
800 Charlemagne crowned at 

Rome. 
814 Charlemagne died. 
987 Hugh Capet, first of the Cai> 

etian race, began to reign. 
1096 Peter the Hermit, heads the 

first crusade. 
1099 Godfrey of Boulogne takes 

Jerusalem. 
1200 Chivalry at its height. 
1 248 Last crusade begun. 
1285 Philip the Fair begins to reign. 
1346 Battle of Cressy. 
1350 John the Good ascends the 

tlirone, 
1356 Battle of Poictiers. 
1420 Battle of Agincourt. 
1428 Joan of Arc raises the siege of 

Orleans. 
1461 Louis XI. ascends the throne. 
1515 Francis I. began to reign. 
1 560 Charles IX. began to reign. 
1572 Massacre of the Protestants. 
1574 Death of Charles IX. 
1589 Henry IV. ascends the throne. 
1610 Henry IV. killed by Ravaillac, 

a Jesuit. 
1628 Richelieu minister of Louis 
XIII. 

1715 Louis XIV. died. 

1774 Louis XV. died. 

1777 Tne French acknowledge the 

independence of the United 

States, Dec. 16. 



HISTORICAJ. TABLES. 



11 



A. D. 

1778 Fr<ance declares war against 

England in aid of the 

American colonies. 
179S Execution of Louis XVI. 
1798 Napoleon took possession of 

Egypt. 
1789 French revolution.— Bastile 

destroyed. 
1800 Napoleon gained the battle of 

Marengo. 
1802 Napoleon made consul. 

1804 Napoleon created emperor of 

France. 

1805 Battle of Trafalgar between 

France and England. 
1812 Burning of Moscow. 

1814 Louis XVIII. king of France, 

1815 Battle of Waterloo, between 

Napoleon and the duke of 

Wellington. 
1821 Death of Napoleon. 
1824 Charles X. king of France. 

1830 Kevolntion of the three gloil- 

ous days in France.— Louis 
Phillippe ascended the 
throne. 

1831 Death of La Fayette. 

1848 Louis Phillippe expelled. — 
Louis Napoleon president of 
the French republic. 

1852 Napoleon III. emperor. 

1862 Fi'ance declares war against 

Mexico. — New commercial 
treaty between France and 
Prussia. 

1863 The French conquers Mexico. 

1864 Treaty between France and 

Japan. — Establishment of 
the Mexican empire, with 
Maximilian of Austria as 
emperor. 



A. D. 

1865 Treaty between France and 

Sweden. — Students' riots in 
Paris. 

1866 Austria cedes Venetia to 

France, who transfers it to 
Italy. -French occupation of 
Rome terminated, Dec. 11. 

1867 Emperor Maximilian shot, 

June 19. — Great exposition 
at Paris opened. 

1869 The French x\t]antic cable 

laid. 

1870 War with Prussia, begins 

July 19.— Battle of Grave- 
lotte Aug. 18.— Battle of 
Sedan, Sept. 1. — Revolution 
in Paris ; fall of the French 
empire. -Republic of France 
proclaimed, Sept. 7. — Siege 
of Paris began. 

1871 An armistice, Feb. 28; meeting 

of the assembly at Bordeaux 
— Treaty of jwace between 
Germany and France — Gov- 
ernment of France recogniz- 
ed — M. Thiers president of 
the French republic. 
1873 Marshal MacMahou elected 
successor to M. Thiers. 

1878 Universal International Expo- 

sition at Paris. 

1879 Zulu war in South Aft-ica- 

Prince Louis Napoleon 
killed — Resignation of Mac- 
Malion as president of tlie 
French republic; M. Jules 
Grevy, his successor — The 
F^'ench occupy Tonquiu — 
War in Tonquin. 
1888 Carnot President. 



12 



HISTORICAL TABLES. 



GERMANY, AUSTRIA, HUNGARY AND PRUSSIA. 



B. c. 

609 The Celts settled in Bohemia. 

320 Russia possessed by the Veuedi 

57 Switzerland subdued by Caesar 

11 Hungary, anciently Pannonia, 

subject to the Romans. 

A. D. 
10 The Teutons, under Armeni us, 

defeat and drive the Romans 
under Varus, out of Ger- 
many. 

432 Germany conquered by the 

Huns. 

433 Hungary possessed by the 

Huns under Attila. 
450 Attila leads the Huns into 
Italy.— The Celts driven 
from Bohemia. 
802 Charlemagne master of Ger- 
many. 
888 Switzerland becomes part of 
the kingdom of Burgundy. 
920 Hungary annexed to Germany 
under Charlemagne. 

1038 Stephen, first king of Hungary 
died. 

1040 Austria attached to Germany. 

1056 Henry IV. emperor of Ger- 
many. 

1215 Prussia subdued by Frederic 
II. 

1219 Prussia yielded to the power 
Poland. 

1273 Rudolph of Hapsburgh gov- 
erns Austria. 

1298 Albert I. reigns in Switzer- 
land. 



A. D. 

1307 Cantons formed in Switzer- 
land. 

1354 William Tell died. 

1526 Bohemia attached to Austria. 

1563 Hungary attached to Austria. 

1588 Charles V., emperor of Ger- 
many, died. 

1619 Ferdinand II. of Germany. 

1633 Battle of Lutzen, and death of 
Gustavus Adolphus. 

1688 The Turks lay Siege to Vienna. 

1701 Prussia becomes a kingdom. 

1713 Frederic William I. emperor 
of Prussia. 

1 739 Hungary annexed to Germany. 

1756 War between Austria, Russia 
France and Prussia. 

1786 Frederic the Great died. 

1792 Francis II. emperor of Ger- 
many. 

1798 Switzerland defeated by the 
French. 

1806 Napoleon defeats the Prus- 
sians, 

1809 Austria at war with France. 

1835 Death of Francis II., emperor 
of Austria, 

1840 Frederic William IV. king of 
Prussia. 

1848 Francis Joseph I. emperor of 
Austria-Revolts in Hungary 
and Prussia. 

1871 German Empire founded. 

1888 William I., German Emperor 
dies, su>!ceeded by Frederic, 
is followed, by William II. 



HISTORICAL TABLES. 



13 



RUSSIA, SWEDEN, LAPLAND, NORWAY, DENMARK. HOL- 
LAND, BELGIUM, ETC. 

Chronology of Russia, Laplatid^ Norway, Denmark, Hol- 
land, Belgium, Mtc, 



A. D. 

481 Kingdom of Sweden begun. 
714 The first king reigns in Den- 
mark. 
860 Iceland discovered by the Nor- 
wegians. 
955 Christianity introduced into 
Russia. 

1016 Canute, king of Denmark, 
conquered England. 

1030 Norway conquered by Canute. 

1237 Russia conquered by the Criiii 
Tartars. 

1387 Norway incorporated with 
Denmark. 

1462 Russia independent of the 
Tartars. 

1518 Massacre in Sweden. 

1525 Gustavus Vasa expelled the 
Danes from Sweden. 

1528 Gustavus Vasa ascended the 
thi'one of Sweden. 

1553 The first czar reigned in Rus- 
sia. 

1581 Republic of Holland founded. 

1611 Gustavus Adolphus king of 
Sweden. 

1696 Peter the Great begins to 

reign. 

1697 Charles XII. begins to reign 

in Sweden. 
1709 Peter the Great defeats 

Charles XII. at Pultowa. 
1714 Charles XII. returns to 

Sweden. 
1721 Russia becomes an empire. 



A. D. 

1735 Peter the Great died. 

1730 Peter II. died. 

1740 Elizabeth ascends the throne 

of Russia. 
1762 Peter III. ascends the thi'one. 
1772 Partition of Poland. 
1792 Gustavus III. died — Russia de- 

clai-ed war against Finance. 
1796 Catherine II. died. 
1801 Paul, emperor of Russia, died. 
1 807 Copenhagen bombarded by the 

English. 

1809 Gustavus IV. of Sweden de- 

throned. 

1810 Netherlands united to France. 
1812 The city of Moscow burned. 
1814 Norway transferred to Swe- 
den. 

1824 Commercial treaty between 

Denmark and England. 

1825 Alexander I., emperor of 

Russia, dies. — Nicholas I. 
ascends the throne of Russia 
1830 Revolution in the Netherlands; 
divided into Holland and 
Belgium. 

1854 Russia malvcs war against 

Tm-ke}\ 

1855 Death of Nicholas I. 

1856 Sebastopol taken — Coronation 

of Alexander II. at Moscow 
1881 Assassination of Alexander 

II., emperor of Russia. 
1883 Alexander HI. crowned czar 

of all the Russians, May 27. 



14 



HLSTOIUCAl. TABLES. 



GREAT BRITAIN. 



Chronology of Great Britain. 



B. C. 

;").■) Eiighuid invaded by CJa-sar. 

A. D. 

44 England liuaHy subdued by 

Claudius. 
60 Clu-istiaiiity introduced into 
England. 
203 Scotland received the Clii-is- 

tian faith. 
455 The Saxons conquer England. 
550 Patrick visits Ireland. 
690 Edwall first king of Wales. 
827 Egbert I. king of England. 
839 Kenneth II. first king of Scot- 
land. 
872 Alfred ascends the English 

throne. 
877 The Danes conquer England. 
880 England recovered bj' Alfred. 
900 Alfred the Great died. 
1015 Canute hivaded England. 
1041 Danes ch'iven out of England. 
106G Harold becomes king of ]'>ng- 
land.AMlliam the conqueror 
ascends the throne. 
1091 AVales conquered and divided 
by Williani the Con(iueror. 
1100 Death of William Rufus, king 

of England. 
1135 Death of Henry Beauclerk. 

king of England. 
1137 Gritlith, last king of Wales, 

died. 
1 1 54 Death of Stephen, king of Eng- 
land. 
1189 Richard ascends the tlu-one. 



A. D. 

1215 Magna Charta granted by 

king John. 

1216 King John died. 

1272 Edward I. ascended the 

English throne. 
1285 Wales annexed to the crown 

of England. 
1305 Sir AVilliam Wallace executed. 
1307 Edward II. king of England. 
1313 Battle of Bannockburn. 
1327 Edward III. king of England. 
1346 Battle of Cressy^ 
1376 Black Rrince died. 

1400 Henry IV. king of England. 
1413 Henry V. king of England. 
1422 Henry V. died. 

1455 Wars of York and Lancaster 
begin. 

1401 Edward IV. king of England. 
1483 Edward IV. died. 

1485 Richard Crookback died. 

1509 Ileniy VII. died. 

1513 James V. king of Scotland. 

1547 Henry VIII. died. 

1553 Bloodjr Mary, queen of Eng- 
land. — Execution of Lady 
Jane Gray. 

1558 Elizabeth ascended the throne. 

1587 3[aria Stuart, queen of Scots 

executed at Frothiugay 
castle, Feb. 8. 

1588 Destruction of the Spanish 

Armada. 
1601 Lord Chancellor Bacon. 



HISTORICAL, TABLE 



15 



A. D. 

1603 James I. ascends the tliroiie. 

Crowus of Englanil aud 

Scotland united. 
1G25 Charles I. ascends the throne. 
1642 Civil war begun hi England 

between the cavaliers and 

I'ouudheads. 
1645 Batcle of Naseby. 
1649 Charles I. beheaded . 

1654 Cromwell made Lord Pro- 

tector. 

1655 The English, under Admiral 

Penu, take possession of 

Jamaica. 
1658 Cromwell died. 
1660 Charles II. king of England. 

1665 Great plague in London. 

1666 Great tire in Londou, which 

consumed 13,200 houses, etc. 
1685 James 11. king of England. 

1688 James 11. fled from England; 

landed in Ireland 1680. 

1689 William III. and JMary 

crowned in England. 
1094 Bank of England incorporated. 

— Queen Mary dies. 
1697 The treatj' of Ryswick, Sept. 

20, between Great Britain 

and France. 
1702 Amie ascends the throne. — 

War declared in England, 

Germany, and Holland, 

against France. 
1714 Anne died. — The accession of 

George to the kingdom of 

Great Britain. 
1727 George I. died. 
1755 War between France and 

England. 
1760 George III. king of England. 



A. D. 

1788 George III. became deranged 
1820 George IV. made king. 
1830 William IV. ascended the 

throne. 
1837 Victoria ascended the thi'one. 
1840 Victoria marries pi'ince Albert 

of Saxe Coburg. 
1847 Plague in Ireland. 
1852 Dispute with the U. S. about 

the fisheries. 
1856 Sebastopol taken. 

1860 The prince of Wales visits 

Canada aud the Tnited 
States. 

1861 Death of Prince Albert, Dec. 

1867 War between England and 

Abj'ssinia. — Feuiau rebel- 
lion in Ireland. 

1868 War between England and 

Abyssinia ended. 

1872 Passage of the Secret Ballot 

Act. 

1873 Payment of ^Uabama indem- 

nity by England. 

1874 Eesignation of Gladstone; Dis- 

raeli prime minister of 
England. 

1875 Purchase bj^ England of Khe- 

dive's share in the Suez 
Canal. 

1881 Laud trouble riots and out- 

rages in Ireland. — Death of 
the Earl of Beaconsfield, 

1882 Queen Victoi-ia shot at by 

MacLean.— Assassination of 
Cavendish and Burke iu 
Phoenix Park, Dublin. 

1883 Attempt to blow up the gov- 

ernment offices in West- 
minster. 



16 



HISTORICAL TABLES. 

AMERICA, 

Chronology of Ajnerica. 



A. D. 


A. D 


860 Icelaud and Greenland settled. 


1681 


981 Chi-istianitjr introduced into 


1683 


Iceland. 


1729 


1378 Greenland discovered by a 


1733 


Venetian. 


1744 


1408 Severe winter in Greenland, 




which destroyed the colony. 




1492 America discovered by Co- 


1745 


lumbus. 


1755 


1497 North America discovered bj^ 


1758 


Americus Vesputius. 




1500 Florida discovered by John 


1759 


Cabot. 


1765 


1519 Cortez invaded Mexico. 




1524 French settlements made in 




Canada. 


1769 


1531 Pizarro goes to Peru. 


1770 


1579 Sir Francis Drake discovered 


1773 


gold in California. 




1585 Greenland discovered. 




1607 First settlement in Virginia at 


1774 


Jamestown. — Hudson Bay 




discovered. 




1608 Quebec founded. 


1775 


1613 First settlement in New York. 




1614 A British colony established 




in Virginia. 




1620 Settlement at Plymouth. 




1634 Maryland settled. 




1635 First settlement in Connec- 




ticut. 


1776 


1636 Providence settled. 




1664 English got possession of New 




, York. 




1675 King Philip's war begins. 




1680 Carolina settled. 





Pennsylvania settled. 

Philadelphia founded. 

The Carolinas divided. 

Georgia founded. 

War began between the 
French and English, called 
"George's Wai ;" 4 years. 

Capture of Louisburg. 

Old French war begins. 

Capture of Louisburg by 
Wolfe. 

Quebec taken by the English. 

Stamp act passed. — The fii-st 
Colonial Congress meet in 
October. 

California settled. 

Boston massacre. 

"Boston Tea Party,'' Dec. 16. 
— The American colonies 
revolt. 

Continental or second Colo- 
nial Congi-ess held at Phi- 
ladelphia, Sept. 5, 

Commencement of the 
Revolutionary war. 
Battle of Lexington, April 
18. — George Washington 
appointed Commander - in - 
chief, June 15. — Battle of 
Bunker Hill, June 17. 

British troops driven out of 
Boston. — Declaration of In- 
dependence adopted by the 
thirteen States, Julj' 4. — 
Battle of Long Island, Aug. 
27. — Battle of Trenton, Dec. 



HISTORICAL TABLES. 



17 



A. U. 

2G ; siu'i-euder of the Hessi- 
ans to Washington. 

1777 The French acknowledge the 

independence of the U. S., 
Dec. 16. — Lafayette came 
to America. 

1778 Massacre of Wyoming, July 3. 

1780 Andree taken as a spy; his 

execution. — Gates beaten 
by Cornwallis. 

1781 Surrender of Cornwallis to 

Washington. 
1783 Peace between Great Britain 
and the United States. 

1788 The states of Ohio and Iowa 

settled. 

1789 Constitution of the United 

States went into operation. 

1791 Vermont admitted as a state. 

— United States Bank estab- 
lished at Pliiladelphia. 

1792 Kentuckj^ admitted to the 

Union. — First coin issued in 
the U. S. 

1794 Whiskey EebeUion in Cali- 
fornia. 

1796 Tennessee admitted to the 
Union. 

1799 Death of Washington. 

1800 The capital of the U. S. re- 

moved from Philadelphia 
to Washington. 

1801 War between U. S. and 

Tripoli. 

1802 Ohio admitted into the 

Union. 

1 803 Louisiana purchased fi'om the 

French by the U. S. 

1807 First steamboat in America. 

1808 King of Poi'tugal goes to 

Brazil. 



A. D, 

1810 Kevolution in Mexico. 

1811 Oregon settled. 

1812 Louisiana admitted as a state. 

— The U. S. declares war 
witli Great Britain, June 
18. — General HuU invades 
Canada. 

1813 Mexican provinces become 

free. 

1814 Treaty of peace between 

Great Britain and the U. S. 
signed at Ghent, Dec. 24. 

181.5 Battle of New Orleans.— War 
between U. S. and Barbarj- 
States. — Insurrection of 
Morelos in Mexico. 

1810 Indiana admitted to the Union 

1817 Mississippi admitted to the 

Union. 

1818 Illinois admitted to the Union. 

1819 Alabama admitted to the 

Union. — Arkansas made a 
seperate territory. 

1820 Maine admitted to the Union. 

— Missouri Compromise Act 

1821 Missouri accepts Compromise 

Act, and is admitted to the 
Union. — Mexico becomes 
independent. 

1822 Independence of South Ameri^ 

can repubhcs declared. — 
Iturbide declared emperor 
of Mexico. 
1829 Spaniards expelled from 
Mexico, and slavery abol- 
ished. 

1831 Don Pedro gives up the crown 

of Portugal to his son. . 

1832 Black Hawk War.— Commer- 

cial crisis in the LT. S. 



18 



HISTORICAL, TABLES. 



A. D. 

1834 Slavery ceases in the English 

colonies. 

1835 The Seminole war in Florida. 

1836 Arkansas admitted to the 

Union. 

1837 JMichigan admitted to the 

Union. 

1838 War between France and 

Mexico. 

1839 The U. S. Bank suspends 

payment. 
1843 Door rebellion In Rhode Island 
1845 Texas annexed by act of con- 
gress. — Florida admitted to 
the Union. — War between 
Mexico and U. S. declared. 
184G Iowa admitted to the Union. 
— War with Mexico. 

1847 Battle of Buena Vista, Feb. 

23. — Gen. Scott enters the 
city of Mexico. Sept. 15. 

1848 Treaty between U. S. and 

Mexico. — Gold discovered 
in California. — Wisconsin 
admitted to the Union. 

1850 California admitted to the 
Union. — The omnibus bill 
in the U. S. 

1S52 Dis])ute between the U. S. and 
England about the fisheries 
— Expedition to Japan from 
the U. S. 

1853 Treaty between Japan and 
tlte U. S. 

1857 Settlement of the Central 

American question.-Trouble 
with the Mormons. — Great 
commercial crisis and panic. 

1858 Minnesota admitted to the 

Union. — John Browne's 
insurrection, Oct. 16; he 



A. D. 

was executed Dec. 2. — 
Laying of the first trans- 
Atlantic cable. 

1860 Visit of an Embassy from 

.Japan. — Visit of the prince 
of Wales. — South Carolina 
seceds from the Union. 

1861 Mississippi secedes from the 

Union, Jan 9. — Florida 
secedes Jan. 10; Alabama, 
Jan. 11. — Georgia, Jan. 18; 
Louisiana, Jan. 27; Texas, 
Feb. 1. — ^War of Sece.s.sion 
begins. — Jefferson Davis 
president of the Confed- 
erate States. — Fort Sumter 
bombarded, April 12. — 
Ai'kansas secedes from the 
Union, May 6; North Car- 
olina, May 20; Tennes.see, 
June 8. — ^Virginia divided 
into two states. — Battle of 
Bull Eun, July 21.— Battle 
of Lexington, Sept. 20.-- 
Kentucky admitted into the 
the Confederate States, 
Dec. 9. 

1862 Surrender of Fort Donelson, 

Feb. 16. — Engagement of 
the Monitor and JMerrimac, 
March 9.— Battle of Pitts- 
bm'gh Landing, April 6 
and 7. — Capture of New 
Orleans, April 25. — Cap- 
ture of Memphis, June 6. 
Seven day.s' battle before 
Richmond, June 25 to July 
1.— Second battle of Bull 
Eun, Aug. 30.— Battle of 
Antietam, Sept. 17. — Lin- 
coln issues preliminary 



HISTORICAL TABLES. 



19 



A. D. 

Pi'ocjamation of Emanci- 
pation, Sept. 22. — Cham- 
bersburg, Pa., burned- 
Battle of Fredericltsburg, 
Dec. 13. — West Virginia 
admitted as a State to 
tlie Union. 
1863 Emancipation pi'oclamation of 
President Lincoln goes into 
effect, Jan. 1. — Jackson, 
Miss., captured by Grant, 
May 16. — Vicksburg be- 
sieged May 21.— Battle of 
Gettysburgh, July 1-3. — 
Surrender of Vicksburg, 
July 4. — Sm-render of Port 
Hudson, July 8. — Anti- 
draft riots in New York, 
July 13-15. — Battle of 
Cliickamauga, Sept. 19. — 
Opening of the Atlantic 
and Great Western Rail- 
road, Xov. 18. 

1864 Gen. U. S. Grant appointed 
Commander-in-Chief of the 
army of the U. S., March 
12. — Lincohi re - elected 
president of the U. S., 
Nov. 8. — Sherman com- 
mences his "March to the 
Sea," Nov. 16.— Battle of 
Nashville, Dec. 15, 16.— 
Savannah taken. — Nevada 
admitted to the Union. — 
Establishment of the Mex- 
ican empire, with Maxi- 
milian, of Austria, as em- 
l^eror. 

1865 Battle of Five Forks, April 
1. — Richmond taken, April 



A. D. 

3. — Lee surrenders to Gen. 
Grant, April 9.— Assassi- 
nation of President Lin- 
coln, April 14.— Battle at 
Boco Chico, May 12, which 
was the last engagement 
of the War.— Purchase of 
Alaska by the U. S. from 
Russia. 

1866 Winfield Scott died, May 29. 

1867. Nebraska admitted to the 
Union. — Emperor INIaxi- 
milian of Mexico, shot 
June 19. 

1868 Impeachment, trial, and ac- 

quital of President Johnson. 

1869 Union Pacific railroad com- 

pleted.— Gen. U. S. Grant 
President of the U. S. 

1872 Settlement of the Alabama 

claims. — U. S. Grant re- 
elected. 

1873 Bank of Jay Cook & Co., 

suspended.— Financial crisis 
in the U. S.— Modoc war. — 
Telegraph between the U. 
S. and Europe completed. 

1874 Charles Sumner, born 1811, 

died. 

1875 Arctic expedition sails from 

Portsmouth. — First cardinal 
in the U. S. consecrated. 

1876 Centennial Exposition of the 

U. S. at Philadelphia.— 
Telephone brought into 
public use in the U. S. — 
Colorado admitted to the 
Union. — Sioux war. — Gen. 
Custer and command mas- 
sacred by the Sioux. — 



20 



HISTORICAL TABLES. 



A. D. 

Secretary Belknap im - 
peached, but acquitted. — 
Burning of Brooklyn The- 
atre. 

1877 Labor riots at Pittsburgh, 
Pa. — Federal troops re- 
called from the South. 

1880 James A. Garfield, elected 
President of the U. S. 



A. D. 

1881 President Garfield assassi- 

nated by Guiteau. 

1882 Hanging of Guiteau. 

1883 Opening of New York and 

Brooklyn Bridge, May 24; 
panic on the bridge, May 
30. 

1884 Grover Cleveland, president 

of the U. S. 



OCEANICA. 



Chronology of Oceanica. 



A. D. 

1497 Vasquez di Gama's expedi- 
tion to East Indies. 

1507 Madagascar discovered. 

1510 Java discovered by the Por- 
tuguese. 

1527 Bermuda Islands discovei-ed. 

1610 New Holland discovered by 
the Dutch. 

1619 Batavia, the capital of Java, 
built by the Dutch. 

1770 Captain Cook took possession 
of New Holland. 

1774 Australia and New Zealand 
explored by Capt. Cook. 

1778 Botany Bay, in New South 

Wales settled. — Sandwich 
Islands discovered by Cap- 
tain Cook. 

1779 Death of Captain Cook. 

1788 ShipBounty arrives at Ofcaheite 
1788 First landing of the English 

convicts at Port Jackson, 

Australia. 



A. D, 

1805 Van Diemen's Land discov- 
ered, now called Tasmania. 

1808 Gov. Bligh deposed for ty- 
ranny in Australia. 

1811 The English take Java from 
the Dutch. 

1813 Sir Thomas Staines reaches 
Pitcairu's Island. 

1816 The Dutch take Java again 
from the English. 

1820 Missionaries established at the 
Sandwich Islands. 

1829 West Australia made a 

province. 

1830 Exploration of Stuart in 

South Australia. 

1837 Founding of Melbourne. 

1838 Exploration of Grey in 

North-west Australia. 
1850 Gold discovered in Australia. 
1856 Pitcairn Islanders removed to 

Norfolk Island. 



HISTORICAL TABLES. 31 



LIST OF THE PKESIDEN^TS 

OF THE 

UNITED STATES. 

1. George Washingtoii, 2 terms 1789 to 1797 

2. John Adams, 1 term 1797 " 1801 

3. Thomas Jefferson, 2 terms 1801 " 1809 

4. James Madison.... 2 " 1809 " 1817 

5. James Monroe 2 " 1817 " 1825 

6. John Qumcy Adams, 1 " 1825 " 1829 

7. Andrew Jackson, 2 terms 1829 " 1837 

8. Martin Van Bm-en 1 term 1837 " 1841 

9. William Henry Harrison. .1 month 1841 

10. John Tyler 3 years, 11 months. ..... .1841 " 1845 

11. James K. Polk 1 term 1845 " 1849 

12. Zachary Taylor 1 year, 4 montlis 1849 " 1850 

13. Millard Filhiiore 2 years, 8 months 1850 " 1853 

14. Franldin Pierce 1 term 1853 " 1857 

15. James Buchanan 1 " 1857 " 1861 

16. Abraham Lincoln 1 " 1 month 1861 " 1865 

17. Andrew Johnson 3 years, 11 months 1865 " 18G9 

18. Ulyssus S. Grant 2 terms 1869 " 1877 

19. Putherford B. Hayes 1 term 1877 " 1881 

20. James A. Garfield 6 months, 15 days 1881 " 

21. Chester A.Arthur 3 year-s, 5 mos., 15 days. 1881 " 1885 

22. Grover Cleveland 1885 " 



HISTORICAL TABLES. 



CELEBRATED CHARACTERS. 



Adam created six days after the Creation 

Noah died ..... 

Sesostris, king of Egypt, flourished 

Jacob died ..... 

Moses, the Hebrew lawgiver, died 

Joshua, leader of the Israelites, died 

Orpheus, a Greek poet and musician, flourislied 

David, king of Israel, died . 

Solomon died . . . . . 

Homer, a famous Greek poet, flourished 

Lycurgus, the Spartan lawgiver, flourished 

Isaiah, a Jewish ])rophet, flourished 

Jeremiah, a Ilebi-ew prophet, flourished 

^sop, a Greecian fabulist, flourished 

Sappho, a celebrated Greek poetess, born 

Solon, lawgiver of Athens, died 

Confucius, a Chinese philosopher, born 

Thales, a famous Greek Astronomer, died 

Anacreon, Greek Poet, flourished . , 

^^schylus, Greek tragedian, died 

Socrates, a celebrated Greek philosopher. 

Xenophon, a Grecian general and author, 

Plato, a Greek philosopher, 

Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, 

Demosthenes ..... 

Alexander, the Great, 

SyUa, a Rotnan General, died 

Virgil, a Roman poet, born 

Julius Cresar, a celebrated Roman general and 

Cicero, a Roman orator, died 

Horace, a famous Roman poet, died 







B. C. 




. 


4004 


, , 




1998 




, 


1722 


, , 




1689 




, 


1447 


, 




1426 




, 


1284 


, ^ 




1015 




. 


975 


, 




900 




. 


834 


, , 




735 




, 


700 


. 




620 




, 


600 


. 




558 




. 


551 


. 




548 






532 


, 


. 


456 


born 468, 


died 


399 


447, 


u 


356 


" 429, 


u 


347 


" 384, 


u 


322 


381, 


41 


322 


" 356, 


(( 


323 

78 
70 


writer, died 


44 




. 


43 


, , 




8 



HISTORICAL TABLES. 



23 



Livy, a famous Roman liistorian, died 

Stnibo, a geographer and historian, died . 

Joliu the Baptist, nourished 

Jesus Christ crucified .... 

Seneca, a Roman philosopher, died 

Pliny, the earliest writer on natural history, boru 

Plutarch, a celebrated Roman biographer, "■ 

Clovis, the lirst king of France, . . " 
Charles Ma rtell, founder of a race of French kings, " 

Charlemagne, emperor of Germany, . . " 

Egbert, first king of England, . . '• 

Alfred, king of England, . . . '• 
Hugh Capet, head of a race of French kings. 

Abelard, a poet. . . . . " 

Genghis Khan, a Tartar warrior. . . '■ 
William Wallace, the hero of Scotland, executed . 

Dante, a celebrated Italian poet, . " 

Petrarch, a celebrated poet, , . " 

Boccaccio, a learned Italian, . . " 

Chaucer, the father of English poetry, . " 

Joan of Arc. .... . " 

Columbus, the discoveror of America, . . " 

Raphael, celebrated painter, called the Divine, " 

Gustavus Vasa, king of Sweden . " 

Ariosto, a great Italian writer, . . ■' 

Erasmus, a man of great learning, . " 

Copernicus, a celebrated astronomer, . . " 

Martin Luther, the great reformer, . . '■ 

Tycho Brahe, a celebrated Danish astronomer, " 

Cervantes, a celebrated writer, . . " 
Calvin, a reformer, ..." 

Buchanan, a celebrated Scotch writer, . " 

Sir Philip Sidney . . . . " 

Tasso, an eminent Italian poet, . . " 

Spenser, one of the gi-eatest English poets, " 

Elizabeth, queen of England, . . . " 

Shakespeare, a celebrated English dramatist, " 
Sir Walter Raleigh, an English writer, 

Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, . " 

Lord Bacon, an eminent English philosopher, " 







A. D. 






17 


. 




25 


. 


. 


26 


. 




33 




, 


65 


23, 


died 


110 


50, 


u 


140 


481, 


(( 


511 


632, 


(( 


741 


782, 


i; 


814 


775, 


a 


836 


849. 




901 
996 


1079, 


ii 


1142 


1162, 


a 


1227 
1305 


1265, 


u 


1321 


1304, 


1.1 


1374 


1313, 


a 


1375 


1340, 


a 


1400 


1411, 


a 


1431 


1436, 


(; 


1506 


1483, 


I i 


1520 


1523, 


a 


1.560 


1474, 


a 


1533 


1466, 


u 


1536 


1473, 


a 


1543 


1485, 


a 


1546 


1546, 


n 


1601 


1547, 


a 


1616 


1509, 


a 


1564 


1503, 


a 


1582 


15.54, 


a 


1586 


1552, 


ki 


1595 


1552, 


a 


1596 


1533, 


li 


1603 


1546, 


u 


1616 


beheaded 


1618 


1611, 


killed 1632 


1561, 


died 


1626 



24 ' HISTORICPL TRBLES. 



Kepler, John, a celebrated astronomer, . born 

Galileo, a famous astronomer, . " . " 

Torricelli, Evangelista, physicist and mathematician " 
Des Cartes, a famous French astronomer, •' 

Cromwell, Protector of England, . . " 

Pascal, Blaise, .... •' 

Moliere, a French writer, ... " 

Milton, the greatest of English poets, . " 

Corneille, a celebrated French poet, . . " 

^ladame de Sevigne, an elegant French writer, " 
Racine, a celebrated French writer, . . " 

Dryden, an admired English poet, . . " 

Locke, an English philosopher, . . '• 

Fenelon, an elegant French writer, . . " 

Addison, an elegant English essayist, . . "• 

Peter the Great, of Russia, . . . " 

Sir Isaac Newton, the great philosopher, . " 

Pope, a great English poet, . .• . " 

Swift, an English writer, ..." 

Thomson, a pleasing poet, . . . " 

Bach, John Sebastian, one of the greatest musicians," 
Montesquieu, a famous writer, . . " 

Handel, George Frederic, " " " " " 

Young, the great moralist and poet, . . " 

Sterne, an English essayist, ..." 
Gluck, Christopher, a celebrated musician, " 

Gray, a celebrated English poet, . . " 

Smollett, an English novelist, . . " 

Goldsmith, a celebrated English writer and poet, " 
Hume, a Scottish historian, . . . " 

Voltaire, a famous French writer, . " 

LinnfBUS, a great Swedish naturalist, . . " 

Rousseau, a celebrated French writer . " 

Garrick, the great English comedian, . . " 

Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, celebrated German poet, b. 
Metastasio, an eminent Italian poet, . " 

Johnson, essayist and lexicographer, . . '' 

Buffon, George Louis de, a French naturalist, " 
Franklin, eminent American philosopher, " 

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, a great composer 

and musician, .... born 1756, died 1791 







D. A. 


1571, 


died 


1630 


1564, 


i; 


1642 


1608, 


ii 


1647 


1596, 


u 


1650 


1599, 


a 


1653 


1623, 


11 


1662 


1622, 


a 


1673 


1607, 


u 


1674 


1606, 


li 


1684 


1626, 


" 


1696 


1639, 


•' 


1699 


1631, 


«' 


1700 


1632, 


u 


1704 


1651, 


a 


1715 


1672, 


(I 


1719 


1672, 


a 


1725 


1642, 


It 


1727 


1688, 


11 


1744 


1667, 


u 


1745 


1700, 


ii, 


1748 


1685, 


<■' 


1750 


1689, 


(( 


1755 


1685, 


u 


1759 


1684, 


u 


1765 


1713, 


u 


1768 


1714. 


" 


1787 


1716, 




1771 


1721, 


'• 


1771 


1728, 


•' 


1774 


1711, 




1776 


1694, 


u 


1778 


1707, 


u 


1778 


1712, 


u 


1778 


1716, 


" 


1779 


1729, 


Li 


1781 


1698, 


u 


1782 


1709, 


u 


1784 


1707, 


u 


1788 


1706, 


u 


1790 



HISTORICAL TABLES. 



25 



Robertson, Scotch historian. 

Gibbon, an historian of eminence. 

Burns, the celebrated Scottish poet, 

Burke, a great English statesman, 

Washington, George, first president of U. S. 

Cowper, an English poet, 

Lavater, writer on physiognomj-, . 

Beattie, a Scottish poet of distinction, 

IQopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb, a German poet, 

Schiller, an eminent German poet, 

Paley, an English divine, 

William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, . 

Haydn, Joseph, a great composer and musician, 

Sheridan, an elegant English writer and orator, 

Dr. Dwight, an American theologian, 

3Iadame de Stael, a celebrated French winter, 

Bonaparte, Napoleon I. . . . 

Lord Byron, . , . . . 

Yfeber, Carl Maria von, a gi*eat composer and 

musician, .... 

La Place, a celebrated French astronomer, . 
Beethoven, lAidwig von, great composer and 

musician, . . . 

Schubert, Franz, a celebrated composer of songs, 
Madame de Geulis, a French writer, 
Sir Walter Scott, a celebrated writer, 
Cuvier, the great French naturalist, 
Goethe, a celebrated German poet, 
Lafay^^tte, Marquis de . . . . 

Talleyrand, French Minister, 
Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix, celebrated as poet 

Painter, Scholar and Musician, 
Poe, Edgar A., American poet, 
Hem-y Clay, an American statesman, 
Daniel Webster, an American statesman, 
Schuman, Robert, a great nmsician, and one 

of the most intellectual musical critics, 
Heine, Heinrich, distinguished German poet, 
Humboldt, eminent German philosopher, . 
Irving, Washington, eminent American wiitei-. 







A. I), 


born 1721, 


died 


1793 


" 1737, 


(; 


1794 


'• 1753, 


(( 


1796 


" 1736, 


i( 


1797 


" 1732, 


" 


1799 


" 1731, 


u 


1800 


" 1741, 


Cl 


1801 


" 1735, 


11 


1803 


" 1724, 


11 


1803 


" 1759, 


(I 


1805 


" 1743, 


C( 


1805 


" 1759, 


" 


1806 


" 1732, 


(. 


1809 


" 1751, 


(I 


1816 


" 1752, 


ii 


1817 


" 1766, 


(( 


1817 


" 1769, 


;; 


1821 


" 1788, 


<.i 


1824 


" 1786, 


11 


1826 


'' 1749, 


u 


1827 


" 1770, 


u 


1827 


" 1797, 


a 


1828 


" 1746, 


li 


1830 


" 1771, 


a 


1832 


" 1769, 


(( 


1832 


'^ 1749, 


u 


1832 


•' 1757, 


1.1. 


1834 


" 1754, 


(( 


1838 


" 1809, 


u 


1847 


" 1811, 


(I 


1849 


" 1777, 


u 


1852 


" 1782, 


ti. 


1852 


" 1810, 


(( 


1856 


• " 1799, 


u, 


1856 


" 1769, 


li 


1859 


•• 1TS3, 


" 


1859 



26 HISTORICAL TABLES. 



Wieland, Ch. M., German poet, . ., born 

Koeruei-, Theodor, German poet, . . " 

Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich, Swiss pedagogue, " 
AVilberforce, William, English philanthropist, " 

Rotteck, K. von, German historical writer, " 

Cooper, James Feniniore, one of the most 

popular American novelists, . . " 

Froebel, Friedrich, Gei-maa pedagogue, father of 

the Kindei-garten, . . . . " 

Macauley, Thomas Babington, Lord, historical 

writer and English statesman, . " 

Schlosser, Fr., Ch., German historical writer, " 
Uhland, Ludwig, German poet, . . " 

Thackeray, William Makepeace, English 

humorist and novelist, . . . " 

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, eminent American writer, " 
Meyerbeer, Jacob, a great composer . " 

Lasalle, Ferdinand, originator Social Deinocratic 

movements and agitator, . . " 

Abraham Lincoln, sixteenth President of the U. S. " 
Rueokert, Friedrich, German poet, . . " 

Peabody, George, American philanthi-opist, . " 
Dickens, Charles, English writer of eminence, " 
Agassiz, Louis Jean Eudolphe, distinguished Swiss 

philosopher and naturalist, . . " 1807, " 1873 

Liebig, Justus, Freiherr von, eminent German 

scientist and chemist, 
Greeley, Horace, famous American journalist, 
Raumer, L. G., von, German historical writer, 
Freiligrath, Ferdinand, German poet, 
Bryant, William Cullen, American poet, 
Stowe, Harriett Beecher, Mrs., world famous 

author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, . . " 1812, " 1878 

Taylor, Baj^ard, famous as traveler and jour- 
nalist, ambassador of the U. S. to Berlin, 
Carlyle, Thomas, English historical writer 
Longfellow, Henry W., celebrated American poet, 
Darwin, Charles Robert, English natm*alist, 
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, American essayist, 

philosopher and poet, ..." 1803, " 1882 







A. D. 


1733. 


died 


1813 


1791, 


" 


1813 


1746, 


11. 


1827 


1759, 


'• 


1833 


177.5, 


(i 


184a 


1789, 




1851 


1782, 


u 


1852 


1800, 


'i 


1859 


1776, 




1861 


1787, 




1862 


1811, 




1863 


1804, 




1864 


1794, 




1864 


1825, 




1864 


1807, 




1865 


1789, 




1866 


1795, 




1869 


1812, 




1870 



1803, 




1873 


1811, 




1873 


1781, 




1873 


1810, 




1876 


1794, 




1878 



1825, 


u 


1878 


1795, 


u 


1881 


1807, 


it, 


1882 


1809, 


(.1, 


1882 



niSTORICAI. TABLES. 27 



Wagner, Richard, celebrated German composer 

and musician, .... born 1813^ died 1883 

Gambetta, Leon, French statesman, • . '' 1838, '• 1883 

Cooper, Peter, American philanthropist, founder 
of "Cooper Institute,"" 

Liszt, Franz, great composer and virtuoso 

Scheffei, Joseph Victor, German poet, 

Montesliore, 3Ioses, Sir, English philanthropist, 

Ranke, Leopold von, German historical writer, 

Sheridan, Philip Henrj^ General of theU. S. army, 

Bankcroft, George, eminent historian and writer, 

Mommseu, Theodore, German Archaelogian and 
historical writer, .... 

Bret Harte, Francis, American poet and novelist, 

MacMahon, Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de, 
duke of ]\largerita, marshal, president of 
France, (1873-79) .... 

Tennyson, Alfred, eminent English poet, 

Bismark, Schoenhausen, Otto Eduard Leopold, 
Prince von, Chancellor of the German 
empire, . . ' . . . " 1815. 

Moltke, Helmuth, Count von, Prussian field 

marshal, . . . . . '' 1800. 

Lesseps, Ferdinand, viscomte de, French di- 
plomatist and engineer; builder of the 
Suez Canal; since 1880 working at the 
Panama Canal, . , . . '• 1805. 



1791, ' 


•' 1883 


1811, 


" 188(i 


1820, ' 


•' 188G 


1784, ' 


•' 1887 


1795, ' 


' 1888 


1831, ' 


'■' 1888 


1800, 




1817. 




1839. 




1808. 




1810. 





IMPORTANT DATES. 

VEKY USEFUL TO COMMIT TO 3IEMOKY. 

B. C. 

The Creation, . . . . . ' . . 4004 

The Deluge, ........ 2348 

Assyria founded by Ashur, ..... 2229 

Egypt settled by Misraim, ...... 2188 

Birth of Abraham, ...... 1996 

Inachus makes the first settlement in Greece, . . . 1856 

I 



HISTORICAL TABLES. 



Removal of Jacob to Egypt, ..... 

Athens founded by Cecrops, .... 

Departure of the Israelites out of Egypt, 

Death of Moses, 

King David born, ...... 

Solomon's Temple completed, .... 

Jonah the Prophet sent to preach to the Ninevites, 
Rome founded, ....... 

Persian empire established bj'' Cyrus the Great, 

The Jews permitted to return from their cajitivity in Babylon 

Alexander invades Persia, ..... 

Greece and Carthage conquered by the Romans, 

Julius Cassar invades Great Britain, 

The battle of Pharsalia, ...... 

The Battle of Actium, . . . . , 

Cleopatra, the beautiful queen of Egypt, dies, 



Jesus Christ was born, Augustus Caesar being emperor of Rome 
St. Paul sent as prisoner to Rome, . . , . 

Jerusalem destroyed by Titus, .... 

Hygenns, first bishop of Rome who was made pope, 
Christianity adopted at Rome by the Emperor Constantine, 
Pharamond, first king of France, .... 

FaU of the Roman empire, .... 

Mahomet's flight, called the Hegira, .... 

Saracen empire established, .... 

Charlemagne becomes emperor of Germany, 

The first crusade, ...... 

Chivalry at its height, ...... 

Ottoman empire founded, . . . . , 

Discovery of America, by Columbus, 

Reichstag of Worms (diet) ..... 

Elizabeth, queen of England, died, 

English settlement' in Virginia, .... 

Dutch Settlement in New York, .... 

The Pilgrims land at Plymouth, .... 

Oliver Cromwell died, ..... 

American Revolution begins, ..... 

Washington, fii-st president of the United States 



HISTORICAL TABLES. 3* 

A. D, 

French Revolution, . . . . . . 1793 

Marie Antoinette, execution of, Oct. 16, . ' . . 1793 

War between England and America, . . . 1812 

Battle of Waterloo, tinal defeat of Napoleon I. by Wellington 

and Bluecher, June 18, . . . . . 1815 

Bonaparte dies at St. Helena, .... 1821 

Gold discovered in California. — Revolution in France. — Abdi- 
cation of Louis XVIII. — Republic proclaimed Feb. 26. 
— Napoleon proclaimed president-elect of the French 
Republic. — Revolution thi'oughout Germanj% . 1848 

Electric telegi-aph completed, ..... 1849 

Niagara Suspension Bridge fli-st crossed by a locomotive,— 

May 14, ...... . 1855 

Liberation of Italy. — Victor Emanuel, king of Italy, Feb. 26, 1860 
Surrender of Vicksburg to Gen. Grant, July 4, . . 186.1 

Assassination of A. Lincoln, April 14, ... 1865 

Purchase of Alaska by the U. S. for the sum of $7,200,000 

in gold. — Railway over Mont Cenis, opened Nov. 28, — 1867 

French Atlantic Cable laid, .... 1869 

Mt. Cenis Tunnel opened. — War between Prussia and France, 

ends with the defeat of France, . . . 1870 

Burning of the City of Chicago. — King William elected — 

Emperor of Germany as William I. . . . 1871 

Telephone first brought into public use in the U. S. by 
Prof. A. G. Bell.— Centennial of the U. S. celebrated 
at Philadelphia. — Gen. Custer and command massacred 
by the Sioux, June, ..... 1876 

General introduction of the Electric Light and Elevated 

Railroad, ....... 1878 

James A. Garfield assassinatad by Guiteau, July 2. — Begin- 
ning of the work at the Panama Canal. — Assassination 
of Alexander I. of Russia. — First Electric Railroad at 
Berlin, Prussia, ...... 1881 

St. Gotthard Tunnel opened, ..... 1882 

Opening of the New York and Brooklyn Bridge, May 24, 

built by Roebling ...... 1883 

Newhall House, Milwaukee, destroyed by fire, over 100 lives 

lost. ........ 1883 

Death of Emperor William I. of Germany, born 1797.— 

Death of Emperor Frederic William, 100 days later, 1888 



80 



HISTORICAL TABLES. 



UNIVERSITIES.— WHEN FOUNDED. 



A. D. 








886 


University 


of Oxford, 


England. 


1200 


i; 


" Salamanca, . 


Spain. 


1228 


(I 


" Toulouse, 


France, 


1230 


u 


" Naples, 


Italy. 


1290 


u 


" Lisbon, . 


. Portugal. 


1302 


u 


" Avignon, 


France. 


1312 


u 


" Orleans, . 


a 


1319 


u 


" Dublin, 


Ireland. 


1348 


4't 


" Prague, 


. Germany. 


1365 


11 


" Geneva, 


Switzerland, 


1365 


(.i 


" Vienne, 


. Austria. 


1386 


li 


" Heidelberg, , 


Germany. 


1388 


(.(. 


'* Cologne, . 


;( 


1392 


u 


" Erfurt, 


n 


1409 


li. 


" Leipzig, 


a 


1411 


u 


" St. Andrews, 


Scotland. 


1419 


(I 


" Rostock, 


. Germany. 


1477 


(I 


" Tuebingen, 


;( 


1478 


^' 


" Mainz, . 


i( 


1456 


" 


'• Greifswalde 


(C 


1479 


(( 


" Upsal, 


. Holland. 


1527 


(1 


" Marbiu-g, 


Germany. 


1589 


'• 


" Wuerzburg, 


a 


1638 


Harvard College, 


a 


1694 


University 


of Halle, • 


. Germany. 


1700 


Yale CoUe 


ge 


America. 


1750 


Academy 


of Science, Stockholm, 


Sweden. 


1753 


British Mu 


•^eum, 


. England. 


1754 


King's (now Columbia) College, 




1757 


Princeton 


College 


America. 


1768 


Royal Academj^ of Arts — etc, 


. England. 


1810 


University 


of Berlin, 


Germany. 


1818 


u 


" Bonn, 


. Germany. 


1589 


(( 


" Michigan, 


America. 


1868 


Cornell U 


diversity, 


. America, 


1872 


University 


of Strassburg, 


Germany. 


1876 


John Hopkins University, 


. America. 



HISTORICAL TABLES. 



31 



mVENTIOXS AND DISCOVERIES. 



Xetters, by Memnon, aa Egyptian 
Paper, iu China. . 



. B. C. 



Grist -Mills in Ireland ...... 

Hour -Glass at Alexandria. ..... 

BeUs, by Paulinus, bishop of Nola, in Campania 

Olass, invented and brought to England. . 

Water mills for grinding ..... 

Lanterns, by King Alfi-ed ..... 

Paper made of cotton ...... 

Compass, by Flavio Gioga, an Italian, about 
Magnifjing-glasses by Roger Bacon .... 

Si>ectacles " Salvino degli Arraati, Florence 

Looking-glasses made at Venice .... 

Gunpowder by Barthold Schwarz, in Freiburg, Germany 
Canons First used in England. .... 

Painting in oil by John Van Eyk, Netherlands . 

Air-gun by Johann Lobsiuger, Nueremberg, 

Porto Santo and Madeira Islands discovered by the Portuguese 

Canary Islands and the Azores " " " " 

Printing Johann Gutenberg, Mainz, Germany 

Steel -engraving Israel von Mecheln, in Bocholt . 

Coast of LTpper Guinea discovered 

First Bible printed in Latin. 

Cape of Good Hope discovered 

Watches invented by Peter Heele, Nueremberg . 

Pacific Ocean discovered by Balboa 

Magellan sailed round the southern Cape of America 

Spinning-wheels invented by Juergens iu Braunschweig 

Telescope " " Jansen, Holland. 

Hudson Bay discovered bj'^ Henr}'- Hudson . 

Logarithms invented by Baron Napier, of Scotland. 

Thermometer " " Cornelius Drebbel iu Alkm 

Pendulum Clock invented by Huygens, a Dutch philosopher 1629 

Reflecting Telescope, invented by Gregory . . . 1633 

Barometer invented by Toricelli in Florence, Italy 

Air-pump " " Otto von Guerike, Magdeburg 

Chain -shot " " Admiral de Witt . 

Fire-ensrines ...... 



1822 
170 

A. D. 
214 

240 
400 
663 
555 
890 
1100 
1200 
1260 
1290 
1300 
1.330 
1340 
1352 
1400 
1419 
14-20 
1440 
1445 
1445 
1462 
1486 
1509 
1513 
1520 
1530 
1590 
1610 
1614 
1620 
— 1(;9.5 
1675 
1643 
1650 
1660 
1663 



32 



HISTORICAL TABLES. 



Magic -lantern by Kircher, Germany 

Speaking and Hearing tubes by Kircher, in Fiilda 

Repeating -watch invented by Barlow, in England., 

Porcelain invented by Boettcher, in Saxony, 

Piano -forte '* " Schroeter in Saxony. 

Stei-eotype printing at Edinburgh. 

Grafting of trees by Holt, gai-dener in Holland. 

Spinning-Jenny, by Eichard Arkwright, 

Lightning-rods by Benjaniin Franklin, America. 

Steam-engine by James Watt, England . 

Eaih-oad by Edgeworth, England. . 

Balloon by Moutgolfler, France. 

Telegraph, optic, by Chappe, France. , 

Cotton-gin, by Eli Whitney, America 

Lithographic engraving, by Sennefelder, Germany, 

Vaccinating. Dr. Jeuuer, England 

Gaslight by Lampadius, Germany . 

Percussion-gun bj^ Forsythe, England. 

Steamship by Robert Fulton, America, . 

Locomotive by Stephenson, England. . 

Rubber-shoes brought from Brazil to Boston . 

Matches by Kammerer, Germany 

Telegi-aph, electro-magnetic by Morse, in England 

Photography by Daguerre, Finance. 

Steam-forge-hammer, by Nasmj^th, Manchester, 

Vulcanizing India-Rubber invented by Charles Goodyear 

Needle -gun by Drej^sse, Germany. 

Sewing-machine by Elias Howe, America . 

Bessemer Steel, process of, made known. 

Trans-Atlantic Cable laid ..... 

Electric light, by Prof. Holmes, at Dover. 

Spectrum -analysis, by Bunsen & Kirchhofi . 

Suez-Canal first opened for commerce. 

Telephone, Morse, brought into use by A. G. Bell, America, 



1732 



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